During the Victorian period, the practice of science shifted from a religious context to a naturalistic one. It is generally assumed that this shift occurred because naturalistic science was distinct from and superior to theistic science. As Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon reveals, however, most of the methodological values underlying scientific practice were virtually identical for the theists and the naturalists: each agreed on the importance of the uniformity of natural laws, the use of hypothesis and theory, the moral value of science, and intellectual freedom. But if scientific naturalism did not rise to dominance because of its methodological superiority, then how did it triumph? Matthew Stanley explores the overlap and shift between theistic and naturalistic science through a parallel study of two major scientific figures: James Clerk Maxwell, a devout Christian physicist, and Thomas Henry Huxley, the iconoclast biologist who coined the word agnostic. Both were deeply engaged in the methodological, institutional, and political issues that were crucial to the theistic-naturalistic transformation. What Stanley's analysis of these figures reveals is that the scientific naturalists executed a number of strategies over a generation to gain control of the institutions of scientific education and to reimagine the history of their discipline. Rather than a sudden revolution, the similarity between theistic and naturalistic science allowed for a relatively smooth transition in practice from the old guard to the new.

"New Hope for the Dead: Uncollected Matthews" is the last of poet William Matthews' posthumous collections, following "Search Party: Collected Poems" (Houghton Mifflin) and "The Poetry Blues: Essays & Interviews" (University of Michigan Press), all edited by son Sebastian Matthews and close friend and fellow poet Stanley Plumly. "New Hope for the Dead" features the best of Matthews' remaining uncollected work, including over 30 poems spanning Matthews' prolific but tragically cut-short career. But unlike the first two collections, "New Hope for the Dead" features Matthews' unheralded talents as a short story writer, food writ

James Clark seemingly has everything that a man could ever want. His wife, Sarah Jane, is 40 years old but has long legs and a firm body. His advertising agency is bringing in lots of cash. And he has two wonderful children and a great home in the mining town of Charleston, West Virginia. But James is also the sort of man who brings his sister-in-law into his bed, flirts with other women and engages in unethical business practices. Even worse, he doesn't see anything wrong with his behavior. Sarah Jane urges her husband to go to marriage counseling with Pastor Douglas, but he refuses, knowing that she will never leave him. The pastor, however, ends up affecting the couple's relationship in ways they never would have imagined. As Sarah Jane works on her marriage, her husband focuses on work, filming a commercial for a coal company. Soon, he's not just fighting with his wife but also a conservancy group that is against everything that James and his clients represent. James can't believe it, but everything begins slipping away. To hold onto his life, he must do all that he can to redeem himself in "Making Love with God."

James Clark seemingly has everything that a man could ever want. His wife, Sarah Jane, is 40 years old but has long legs and a firm body. His advertising agency is bringing in lots of cash. And he has two wonderful children and a great home in the mining town of Charleston, West Virginia. But James is also the sort of man who brings his sister-in-law into his bed, flirts with other women and engages in unethical business practices. Even worse, he doesn't see anything wrong with his behavior. Sarah Jane urges her husband to go to marriage counseling with Pastor Douglas, but he refuses, knowing that she will never leave him. The pastor, however, ends up affecting the couple's relationship in ways they never would have imagined. As Sarah Jane works on her marriage, her husband focuses on work, filming a commercial for a coal company. Soon, he's not just fighting with his wife but also a conservancy group that is against everything that James and his clients represent. James can't believe it, but everything begins slipping away. To hold onto his life, he must do all that he can to redeem himself in Making Love with God.

The amnesia that surrounds our earliest life is not only a great human mystery but also a receptacle into which is poured by the baby's relatives the beginnings of a life story. In later years these relatives can look at the grown child and see their first observations confirmed, for was he not always a curious baby, a cranky baby, a calm baby, what have you? We come into the world swaddled in the beginnings of a story, and, by the time we begin remembering and tending it, it already has a shape and a momentum. When I was born, in 1942, my young parents were following my father's naval orders around the country--Bremerton, Washington; Norman, Oklahoma. I spent many of my first months with my father's parents in Cincinnati. There are photographs of me in, of course, a sailor suit. The lawn at the back, or western side, of my grandparent's house had a few huge trees--could they have been oaks?--and I think I remember standing at the edge of that lawn, on a kind of flagstone patio, in the late-afternoon light, staring excitedly and contentedly at the effect the tall trees and their long shadows made. The world seemed vast and full of comfortable mystery, and yet I was but a few feet from the safety of the house. But that would have, of course, been later, when I was four or maybe even six. I stood there often. And, of course, I've seen photographs of the lawn and house. And maybe I'm recalling some older relative's anecdote about a boy at the edge of a lawn that somehow, inexplicably, has got blended into my own memories, like vodka slipped into a bowl of punch. My earliest memory seems to be from the back yard of my mother's mother's house in Ames, Iowa. There's a sandbox, a tiny swatch of grainy sidewalk, and--there! it's moving--a ladybug. I have tried again and again to construct a tiny narrative from these bright props, but they won't connect. They lie there and gleam with promise but won't connect. \ls\ The war ended, my sister Susan was born, my father took a job with the Soil Conservation Service in Ohio, and then the four of us were in a boxy farmhouse outside Rosewood, Ohio, for a year and then moved into a house just outside the city limits of Troy, Ohio. The smells of that house, that life, those years, I absorbed all unthinkingly, as greedily and easily as breath. Later, thinking back fondly on them, I at first organized them easily: indoors and outdoors, female and male. Coffee, dishwashing liquid, baking are foremost among the kitchen smells, and the braided scent of misty heat and faint scorch that meant ironing. I remember, too, coming home from school during the Army-McCarthy hearings to find my mother ironing glumly, fascinated and appalled by what I now know to call the self-righteousness and swagger and mendacity of the whole gloomy circus. Once or twice--I think I remember this correctly--she was weeping a little. A child's world is small. Think how easily I wrote the war ended earlier. I don't remember it myself. In 1945 I remember I suddenly had a sister. I saw in the kitchen those puzzling afternoons how the cruelty of the official world, the world that history records and by whose accounts I knew to write that the war ended, could come into the house and linger, itself a sort of odor.

During the Victorian period, the practice of science shifted from a religious context to a naturalistic one. It is generally assumed that this shift occurred because naturalistic science was distinct from and superior to theistic science. Yet as Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon reveals, most of the methodological values underlying scientific practice were virtually identical for the theists and the naturalists: each agreed on the importance of the uniformity of natural laws, the use of hypothesis and theory, the moral value of science, and intellectual freedom. But if scientific naturalism did not rise to dominance because of its methodological superiority, then how did it triumph? Matthew Stanley explores the overlap and shift between theistic and naturalistic science through a parallel study of two major scientific figures: James Clerk Maxwell, a devout Christian physicist, and Thomas Henry Huxley, the iconoclast biologist who coined the word agnostic. Both were deeply engaged in the methodological, institutional, and political issues that were crucial to the theistic-naturalistic transformation. What Stanley's analysis of these figures reveals is that the scientific naturalists executed a number of strategies over a generation to gain control of the institutions of scientific education and to reimagine the history of their discipline. Rather than a sudden revolution, the similarity between theistic and naturalistic science allowed for a relatively smooth transition in practice from the old guard to the new.

'Deeply researched and profoundly absorbing . . . Matthew Stanley traces one of the greatest epics of scientific history . . . An amazing story' Michael Frayn, author of Tony Award-winning Copenhagen In 1916, Arthur Eddington, a war-weary British astronomer, opened a letter written by an obscure German professor named Einstein. The neatly printed equations on the scrap of paper outlined his world-changing theory of general relativity. Until then Einstein's masterpiece of time and space had been trapped behind the physical and ideological lines of battle, unknown. Einstein's name is now synonymous with 'genius', but it was not an easy road. He spent a decade creating relativity and his ascent to global celebrity owed much to against-the-odds international collaboration, including Eddington's globe-spanning expedition of 1919 - two years before they finally met. We usually think of scientific discovery as a flash of individual inspiration, but here we see it is the result of hard work, gambles and wrong turns. Einstein's War is a celebration of what science can offer when bigotry and nationalism are defeated. Using previously unknown sources and written like a thriller, it shows relativity being built brick-by-brick in front of us, as it happened 100 years ago. 'Riveting . . . Stanley lets us share the excitement a hundred years later in this entertaining and gripping book. It's a must read if you ever wondered how Einstein became 'Einstein'' Manjit Kumar, author of Quantum

This volume of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition, provides a broad and comprehensive view of air pollution, extending from ground-level, localized air quality and regional and global air quality and effects, to sensors and measurement and air pollution control. Despite substantial improvements in many parts of the world, globally, air pollution remains the most hazardous environmental threat. The increasing quality of exposure assessments, access to new and better statistical methods, and more complete and precise health data have led to stronger associations between air pollution exposure and health effects. Air pollution exposure-effect relationships have now been established for a wide variety of health outcomes, and well documented through parallel studies in many countries around the world using a variety of approaches and methodologies. Assessments of the health effects in the population are now performed on a routine basis in many countries and by many agencies, and often these also include calculation of externalities associated with the negative health effects. Such knowledge is essential for pushing development towards a more sustainable society. This volume covers topics including, but not limited to, basic knowledge to understand foundational concepts and drivers of regional and global air pollution in relation to air quality and ways to sense, measure and control pollutants, while placing this knowledge into the perspectives of health and technological systems.